Performance of a Distributed Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Sensor Based on a Fabry-Perot Laser Diode and a Dual-Stage FBG Optical Demultiplexer

A simultaneous strain and temperature measurement method using a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) and a dual-stage fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical demultiplexer was applied to a distributed sensor system based on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR). By using a Kalman filter, we improved the performance of the FP-LD based OTDR, and decreased the noise using the dual-stage FBG optical demultiplexer. Applying the two developed components to the BOTDR system and using a temperature compensating algorithm, we successfully demonstrated the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature distributions under various experimental conditions. The observed errors in the temperature and strain measured using the developed sensing system were 0.6 °C and 50 με, and the spatial resolution was 1 m, respectively

Development of a Handheld Line Information Reader and Generator for Efficient Management of Optical Communication Lines

A handheld line information reader and a line information generator were developed for the efficient management of optical communication lines. The line information reader consists of a photo diode, trans-impedance amplifier, voltage amplifier, microcontroller unit, display panel, and communication modules. The line information generator consists of a laser diode, laser driving circuits, microcontroller unit, and communication modules. The line information reader can detect the optical radiation field of the test line by bending the optical fiber. To enhance the sensitivity of the line information reader, an additional lens was used with a focal length of 4.51 mm. Moreover, the simulation results obtained through BeamPROP® software from Synopsys, Inc. demonstrated a stronger optical radiation field of the fiber due to a longer transmission wavelength and larger bending angle of the fiber. Therefore, the developed devices can be considered as useful tools for the efficient management of optical communication lines

The past, present, and future of traditional medicine education in Korea

Korea has kept the heritage of Korean traditional medicine (KM) during the 19th century harsh modernization, and has established a medical system in parallel with Western medicine. The purpose of this study was to review systematically the history and current system for educating highly qualified traditional medical doctors in Korea. KM produces 750 certified medical doctors every year with a 4–7-year curriculum in 12 universities and their affiliated hospitals. There are 22,074 clinicians along with 2474 clinical specialists in eight departments as of 2014. A national licensing examination and continuing medical education for KM are used for maintaining qualifications of KM doctors, and independent organizations are established for the evaluation of educational institutes. KM has thrived to establish an independent and competitive educational system for KM doctors, equivalent to Western medicine, and has regained a pivotal role for public health in Korea. This study would be useful for cultivating traditional medicine and establishing its educational system in the world

Fabrication of Water-Repellent Platinum(II) Complex-Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

Despite a rapid increase in light harvesting efficiencies, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit relatively inefficient photocurrent generation in the UV region and severe degradation when exposed to UV light and humidity. Herein, to enhance UV and humidity stability as well as photocurrent generating efficiency, a water-repellent platinum(II) complex,Pt-F, is developed as a luminescent photon downshifting layer (PDL) for PSCs. ThePt-FPDL is fabricated on the glass substrate of a PSC using ultrasonic spray deposition, resulting in a considerably higher crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than those fabricated by conventional spin-coating processes (PLQYs of 77% and 19%, respectively). A maximum device performance of 22.0% is achieved through the addition of a PDL coating to a 21.4% efficient PSC owing to the long-range photon downshifting effect ofPt-F, as confirmed by the enhanced spectral response of the device in the UV region. Moreover, remarkable improvements in UV and humidity stability are observed inPt-F-coated PSCs. The versatile effects of thePt-F-based PDL, when fabricated by ultrasonic spray deposition, suggest wide ranging applicability that can improve the performance and stability of other optoelectronic devices

Association of clot ultrastructure with clot perviousness in stroke patients

Abstract Clot perviousness on computerized tomography (CT) is predictive of response to reperfusion therapy. This study aimed to determine the association of clot perviousness with ultrastructural features of clot in stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. We quantitatively analyzed the ultrastructural components identified using scanning electron microscopy. The clot components were determined in the inner portions of the clots. Clot perviousness was assessed as thrombus attenuation increase (TAI) using noncontrast CT and CT angiography. We compared the association between the identified ultrastructural components and clot perviousness. The proportion of pores consisted of 3.5% on scanning electron microscopy images. The proportion of porosity in the inner portion was 2.5%. Among the ultrastructural components, polyhedrocytes were most commonly observed. The mean TAI was 9.3 ± 10.0 (median 5.6, interquartile range 1.1–14.3) Hounsfield units. TAI correlated positively with inner porosity (r = 0.422, p = 0.020). Among the ultrastructural clot components, TAI was independently associated with polyhedrocytes (B = − 0.134, SE = 0.051, p = 0.008). Clot perviousness is associated with porosity and the proportion of polyhdrocytes of clots

Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, a Novel Strain Derived from the Human Microbiome, and Its Efficacy as a Treatment for Hair Loss

The skin tissue of the scalp is unique from other skin tissues because it coexists with hair, and many differences in microbial composition have been confirmed. In scalp tissues, hair loss occurs due to a combination of internal and external factors, and several studies are being conducted to counteract this. However, not many studies have addressed hair loss from the perspective of the microbiome. In this study, subjects with hair loss and those with normal scalps were set as experimental and control groups, respectively. In the experimental group, hair loss had progressed, and there was a large difference in microbiome composition compared to the group with normal scalps. In particular, differences in Accumulibacter, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were found. From Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, two active components were isolated as a result of repeated column chromatography. Spectroscopic data led to the determination of chemical structures for adenosine and biotin. Fractions were obtained, and ex vivo tests were conducted using hair follicles derived from human scalp tissue. When the microbiome adenosine-treated group was compared to the control group, hair follicle length was increased, and hair root diameter was maintained during the experimental periods. In addition, the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine- and biotin-treated groups maintained the anagen phase, reducing progression to the catagen phase in the hair growth cycle. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the Cicaria culture medium and the microbial adenosine and biotin derived from the culture were effective in inhibiting hair loss